Real Estate or Stock Market: Where to Invest in 2025
The current economic context—marked by tariff storms and a monetary policy of interest rate cuts—leaves retail investors with a scenario where it’s not easy to decide whether to invest in real estate or the stock market to find attractive returns while minimizing risk. Despite the uncertainty, assets like gold or bitcoin are experiencing price peaks that may act as a barrier to entry for this type of investor.
Among all types of assets, there are two (very different from each other) that are popular among retail investors: real estate investment, on the one hand, and equities, through stock trading, on the other. Since this year is a period of major changes, let’s see which of the two might be more suitable for investing in 2025.
The real estate sector continues to see rising prices in a scenario where demand nearly triples the supply of properties for sale, according to Fotocasa. Although there are already government plans in place to address the housing crisis, they don’t seem to be providing an effective short-term solution.
Stock market investment, on the other hand, is an increasingly popular option thanks to greater access to the markets through digitalization and a higher volume of available information. The first half of the year has seen historic returns, with the S&P 500 reaching all-time highs and the Ibex 35 experiencing its best valuations in 20 years.
Investing in real estate: a safe haven asset
Traditionally, real estate has been the most common investment for retail investors in Spain. According to Eurostat data, by the end of 2024, 73.6% of Spain’s population owned the property they lived in—the highest rate in the European Union. However, demand continues to grow due to population increases, while supply is shrinking due to, among other reasons, a lack of new construction and rising land costs in major cities.
But why is real estate investment so popular in Spain? Real estate is seen as a tangible asset, which provides a sense of security. It is also considered lower risk because its value doesn’t depend on specific geopolitical events and is less affected by the volatility of financial markets. Property is associated with security, stability, and long-term gains.
Investing in the stock market: an increasingly prominent option
Financial market investment has always been more associated with volatility and risk, although history tells a different story: over the past twenty years, the annualized return of the Ibex has been 7.95%, demonstrating the strong health of financial markets.
Additionally, digitalization has greatly increased the general public’s access to the markets. With just a click, you can buy shares or funds through your bank or online brokers that offer a wide range of investment options. Combined with growing public interest and the efforts of financial institutions to promote financial literacy, more and more individuals are entering this market. Another notable advantage is that these are highly liquid assets, meaning you can access your money relatively quickly.
So, What’s Better: investing in real estate or in the stock market?
Although both real estate and stock market investments aim to generate medium- to long-term returns, they differ significantly in terms of involvement, associated costs, and risks. A comparison of the key elements can help identify which better suits different investor profiles. Each operates through very different mechanisms, timelines, risks, and levels of commitment.
- Accessibility: As mentioned earlier, the stock market offers virtually immediate liquidity, allowing you to buy and sell shares during market hours with ease. In contrast, traditional real estate investment is more illiquid, with much longer investment horizons. However, new alternative investment methods like real estate crowdfunding, promoted by Urbanitae, have improved accessibility. These offer low entry barriers, minimum investment tickets starting from just €500, and short investment return periods.
- Taxation and Costs: Real estate taxation is complex and complicates property transactions, which can reduce profitability. In addition to property taxes, there’s increasing tax pressure on second homes, inheritances, etc. Stock market investment, when done directly, only involves broker commissions and taxes on capital gains, if any. Bureaucratically, traditional real estate investment is heavier: it includes fixed maintenance costs, insurance, annual taxes, and all the procedures related to property sales or rental management. However, newer forms of real estate investment like crowdfunding or crowdlending are moving toward cost-free systems, as platform profits come from the project’s total funding amount and are included in the financing target.
- Risk: While real estate investment is not risk-free, it’s one of the most stable types of investment, offering regular income from rentals and significant returns on sales. Stock market operations, especially short-term ones, are more volatile and highly sensitive to economic, political, and corporate news, which makes them fluctuate daily. This contrasts with the stability of real estate crowdfunding projects promoted by Urbanitae, which are almost immune to these risks due to thorough project selection by an advisory committee.
- Management: The level of involvement varies greatly. Traditional real estate investment requires active management to handle the day-to-day upkeep of the property and resolve issues. In contrast, with stocks, once the shares are purchased, there’s no need to do anything until you’re ready to sell. Some platforms even allow automatic selling once a target value is reached. For real estate crowdfunding projects, investor involvement is minimal. Once the deal is closed, all that’s left is to wait for the project to complete and receive the returns automatically.
Diversification as a Winning Strategy
In a constantly changing environment, what’s truly necessary is not putting all your eggs in one basket and instead betting on diversification to protect capital. By combining different, uncorrelated asset types, you can better weather unexpected situations: equities are more vulnerable to political tensions and economic cycles, while the real estate sector depends on other factors such as legislation, supply and demand, etc. Therefore, the optimal approach is to build a broad portfolio of complementary assets, allowing you to diversify by investing in both real estate and the stock market, and spread your capital across different markets and sectors, with low risk and attractive returns. This is where strategies like real estate crowdfunding are becoming increasingly relevant as an alternative investment, offering lower risk and appealing returns.
